Investigating the Structure of the CESD-R and DASS-21 Across Adults with Low and High Levels of Autistic Traits

J Autism Dev Disord. 2024 May;54(5):2026-2039. doi: 10.1007/s10803-023-05944-5. Epub 2023 Mar 24.

Abstract

The current study examined factorial invariance of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESD-R) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) using a convenience sample of 434 adults surveyed though Amazon Mechanical Turk. Participants were sorted into two groups based on their score on the Autism-Spectrum Quotient. Results indicated that the CESD-R did not demonstrate configural invariance. The DASS-21 demonstrated evidence of scalar invariance, indicating cross-group equality in factor loadings and factor intercepts. Findings suggest that the DASS-21 measures symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress consistently across individuals with high and low levels of ASD-related traits, whereas the CESD-R may not be valid when assessing symptoms of depression in those with a high level of ASD-related traits.

Keywords: Anxiety; Autism spectrum disorder; Depression; Factorial invariance; Stress.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Anxiety* / diagnosis
  • Anxiety* / psychology
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder* / diagnosis
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder* / psychology
  • Autistic Disorder / diagnosis
  • Autistic Disorder / psychology
  • Depression* / diagnosis
  • Depression* / psychology
  • Factor Analysis, Statistical
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Psychiatric Status Rating Scales*
  • Psychometrics
  • Stress, Psychological / psychology
  • Young Adult