Radiological Quantification of Sarcopenic Obesity and its Role in Chronic Liver Disease Severity

Acad Radiol. 2023 Sep:30 Suppl 1:S124-S131. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.03.001. Epub 2023 Apr 1.

Abstract

Rationale and objectives: To define sarcopenic obesity (SaO) among chronic liver disease (CLD) patients via CT and MRI, and assess its impact on liver disease severity.

Materials and methods: CLD patients referred from the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department diagnosed as chronic hepatitis B (N:101), cirrhosis (N:110), and hepatocellular carcinoma (N:169) with available information on body height, weight, Child-Pugh and MELD scores within 2 weeks of CT or MRI scanning were included in the study. Cross-sectional examinations were retrospectively evaluated for skeletal muscle index (SMI) and visceral adipose tissue area (VATA). The disease severity was assessed by Child-Pugh and MELD scoring.

Results: The rate of sarcopenia and SaO in the cirrhotic patients was higher than that in the chronic hepatitis B patients (p <0.033 and p < 0.004, respectively). The rate of sarcopenia and SaO in HCC patients was higher than that in the chronic hepatitis B patients (p <0.001 and p <0.001, respectively). Sarcopenic patients in Chronic hepatitis B, cirrhotic, and HCC groups had higher MELD scores than nonsarcopenic patients (p <0.035, p <0.023, and p <0.024, respectively). Despite finding a similar increase in Child-Pugh scores in cirrhotic and HCC sarcopenic patients, results were statistically insignificant (p <0.597 and p <0.688). HCC patients with SaO had higher MELD scores than patients with other body composition catagories (p <0.006). Cirrhotic patients with SaO had higher MELD scores than nonsarcopenic obese patients (p <0.049). Chronic hepatitis B patients with obesity had low MELD scores (p <0.035). Cirrhotic and HCC patients with obesity had higher MELD scores (p <0.01 and p <0.024, respectively). Cirrhotic and HCC patients with obesity had higher Child-Pugh scores than nonobese patients but only HCC patients showed statistically significance (p <0.480 and p <0.001).

Conclusion: Radiologic evaluation of SaO and harmonizing body composition with MELD scoring is critical in CLD management.

Keywords: Chronic liver disease; Sarcopenia; Sarcopenic obesity; Skeletal muscle index; Visceral adipose tissue.

MeSH terms

  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* / complications
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* / diagnostic imaging
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* / epidemiology
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Hepatitis B, Chronic* / complications
  • Hepatitis B, Chronic* / diagnostic imaging
  • Hepatitis B, Chronic* / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Liver Cirrhosis / complications
  • Liver Cirrhosis / diagnostic imaging
  • Liver Cirrhosis / epidemiology
  • Liver Neoplasms* / diagnostic imaging
  • Liver Neoplasms* / epidemiology
  • Obesity / complications
  • Obesity / diagnostic imaging
  • Obesity / epidemiology
  • Patient Acuity
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sarcopenia* / diagnostic imaging
  • Sarcopenia* / epidemiology
  • Severity of Illness Index