Unveiling the complexity of spatiotemporal soliton molecules in real time

Yuankai Guo; Wei Lin; Wenlong Wang; Runsen Zhang; Tao Liu; Yiqing Xu; Xiaoming Wei; Zhongmin Yang

doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37711-6

Unveiling the complexity of spatiotemporal soliton molecules in real time

Nat Commun. 2023 Apr 11;14(1):2029. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37711-6.

Authors

Yuankai Guo^#¹, Wei Lin^#¹, Wenlong Wang¹, Runsen Zhang¹, Tao Liu¹, Yiqing Xu², Xiaoming Wei³, Zhongmin Yang^{4

5}

Affiliations

¹ School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
² Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
³ School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China. [email protected].
⁴ School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China. [email protected].
⁵ Research Institute of Future Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China. [email protected].

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Observing the dynamics of 3D soliton molecules can hold great opportunities for unveiling the mechanism of molecular complexity and other nonlinear problems. In spite of this fantastic potential, real-time visualization of their dynamics occurring on femtosecond-to-picosecond time scales is still challenging, particularly when high-spatiotemporal-resolution and long-term observation are required. In this work, we observe the real-time speckle-resolved spectral-temporal dynamics of 3D soliton molecules for a long time interval using multispeckle spectral-temporal measurement technology. Diverse real-time dynamics of 3D soliton molecules are captured for the first time, including the speckle-resolved birth, spatiotemporal interaction, and internal vibration of 3D soliton molecules. Further studies show that nonlinear spatiotemporal coupling associated with a large average-chirp gradient over the speckled mode profile plays a significant role in these dynamics. These efforts may shed new light on decomposing the complexity of 3D soliton molecules, and create an analogy between 3D soliton molecules and chemical molecules.