Activating mutations of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are associated with Parkinson disease (PD), prompting development of LRRK2 inhibitors as potential treatment for PD. However, kidney safety concerns have surfaced from LRRK2 knockout (KO) mice and rats and from repeat-dose studies in rodents administered LRRK2 inhibitors. To support drug development of this therapeutic target, we conducted a study of 26 weeks' duration in 2-month-old wild-type and LRRK2 KO Long-Evans Hooded rats to systematically examine the performance of urinary safety biomarkers and to characterize the nature of the morphological changes in the kidneys by light microscopy and by ultrastructural evaluation. Our data reveal the time course of early-onset albuminuria at 3 and 4 months in LRRK2 KO female and male rats, respectively. The increases in urine albumin were not accompanied by concurrent increases in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, or renal safety biomarkers such as kidney injury molecule 1 or clusterin, although morphological alterations in both glomerular and tubular structure were identified by light and transmission electron microscopy at 8 months of age. Diet optimization with controlled food intake attenuated the progression of albuminuria and associated renal changes.
Keywords: LRRK2 knockout LEH rat; albuminuria; clusterin; kidney injury molecule 1; kidney toxicity biomarkers.