Relationship between cigarette use and prostate cancer risk: what do we know and what should we do?

Affiliations

• ¹ Division of Urological Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. [email protected].
• ² Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Argentina. [email protected].
• ³ Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Urogenital Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
• ⁵ Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Primary Prevention, Maria Skłodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
• ⁶ Global Institute of Family Health, Calisia University, Calisia, Poland.
• ⁷ Division of Urological Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁸ Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁹ Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.