Patterns of poly tobacco use among adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, 2013-2017: a multistate Markov transition analysis

Tob Control. 2024 Sep 25;33(5):603-610. doi: 10.1136/tc-2022-057822.

Abstract

Background: A better understanding of sociodemographic transition patterns between single, dual and poly tobacco product use may help improve tobacco control policy interventions.

Methods: HRs of transition between never, non-current (no past 30-day use), cigarette, e-cigarette, other combustible, smokeless tobacco (SLT), dual and poly tobacco use states in adults were estimated for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education and income using a multistate model for waves 1-4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study (2013-2017), a US-based cohort study, accounting for complex survey design.

Results: Sole cigarette and SLT use were persistent, with 77% and 78% of adults continuing use after one wave. Other use states were more transient, with 29%-48% of adults reporting the same pattern after one wave. If single-product users transitioned, it was most likely to non-current use while dual or poly cigarette users were most likely to transition to exclusive cigarette use. Males were more likely than females to initiate combustible product use after a history of no use, and after a period of tobacco use cessation. Hispanic and non-Hispanic black participants initiated cigarette use at higher rates than non-Hispanic white participants, and had higher rates of experimentation with tobacco products between study waves. Lower socioeconomic status was associated with higher rates of transition into combustible tobacco use.

Conclusions: Dual and poly tobacco use is largely transient, while single-use patterns are more stable over time. Transitions differ by age, sex, race/ethnicity, education and income, which may influence the impact of current and future tobacco control efforts.

Keywords: cessation; co-substance use; disparities; electronic nicotine delivery devices.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Cigarette Smoking / epidemiology
  • Cigarette Smoking / trends
  • Cohort Studies
  • Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / statistics & numerical data
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Markov Chains
  • Middle Aged
  • Sex Factors
  • Tobacco Products* / statistics & numerical data
  • Tobacco Use* / epidemiology
  • Tobacco Use* / trends
  • Tobacco, Smokeless / statistics & numerical data
  • United States / epidemiology
  • Young Adult