Lowering of Circulating Sclerostin May Increase Risk of Atherosclerosis and Its Risk Factors: Evidence From a Genome-Wide Association Meta-Analysis Followed by Mendelian Randomization

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, and Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
• ² MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
• ³ MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK, and Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
• ⁴ Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
• ⁵ Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
• ⁶ MRC IEU, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
• ⁷ K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, and HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.
• ⁸ MRC IEU, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, and HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway, and Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
• ⁹ MRC IEU, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, and The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ¹⁰ MRC IEU, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, and Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
• ¹¹ Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
• ¹² Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
• ¹³ Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
• ¹⁴ Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria, and SYNLAB Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH and Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
• ¹⁵ Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, and Therapeutic Area Cardiovascular Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany.
• ¹⁶ Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
• ¹⁷ Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁸ Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
• ¹⁹ Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
• ²⁰ Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
• ²¹ Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
• ²² Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
• ²³ SYNLAB Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.
• ²⁴ Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
• ²⁵ Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, and Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.
• ²⁶ Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Bioinformatics and Data Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
• ²⁷ Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
• ²⁸ Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, and Region Västra Götaland, Geriatric Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden, and Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
• ²⁹ MRC IEU, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, and Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, and Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, and National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, UK.