Thyroid hormone resistance resulting from a novel mutation in the THRB gene in a Chinese child: A case report

Introduction: Thyroid hormone resistance (RTH) (mim # 188570) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by reduced thyroid hormone response in target tissues. The clinical manifestations of RTH vary from no symptoms to symptoms of thyroid hormone deficiency to symptoms of thyroid hormone excess.

Patient concern and clinical findings: A 24-month-old girl presented with growth retardation, tachycardia, and persistently elevated thyroid hormones despite antithyroid treatment.

Diagnosis/intervention/outcomes: The patient was diagnosed with RTH, after whole exon gene sequencing, found a de novo missense mutation (c.1375T > G,p.Phe459Val) in a novel locus of the thyroid hormone receptor beta gene. She had only mild growth retardation, so the decision was made to monitor her development without intervention. At her last follow-up at 5 years and 8 months of age, she continued to show growth retardation (-2 standard deviation below age-appropriate levels), in addition to delayed language development. Her comprehension ability and heart rate have remained normal.

Conclusions: We report a mild case of RTH caused by a novel thyroid hormone receptor beta gene mutation. RTH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abnormal serum thyroxine levels during neonatal screening.