Background: Ventricular puncture is a common procedure in neurosurgery and the first that resident must learn. Ongoing education is critical to improving patient outcomes. However, training at the expense of potential risk to patients warrants new and safer training methods for residents.
Methods: An augmented reality (AR) simulator for the practice of ventricular punctures was designed. It consists of a navigation system with a virtual 3D projection of the anatomy over a 3D-printed patient model. Forty-eight participants from neurosurgery staff performed two free-hand ventricular punctures before and after a training session.
Results: Participants achieved enhanced accuracy in reaching the target at the Monro foramen after practicing with the system. Additional metrics revealed significantly better trajectories after the training.
Conclusion: The study confirms the feasibility of AR as a training tool. This motivates future work towards standardising new educative methodologies in neurosurgery.
Keywords: augmented reality; neurosurgery; patient-specific printed models; surgery simulation; surgery training; ventriculostomy.
© 2023 The Authors. The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.