There have been recent advancements in understanding the genetic contribution to pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) in brachycephalic breeds such as the French Bulldog and Bulldog. The associated genes are transcriptions factors involved in cardiac development, which is comparable to the genes that cause PS in humans. However, validation studies and functional follow up is necessary before this information can be used for screening purposes.
Keywords: Bulldog; Congenital heart disease; French Bulldog; Gene; Pulmonic stenosis; RAS/MAPK pathway; Transcription factor.
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.