Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the role of blood and lymphatic microvascular density in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
Materials and methods: The sample was composed of 54 cases of OSCC. The immunoexpression to anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and to anti-endoglin (CD105) was used to determine the microvessel density (MVD); anti-podoplanin (D2-40) was used to assess the lymphatic vessel density (LVD); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was evaluated in malignant cells. The histological differentiation, the worst pattern of invasion (WPOI), tumour thickness and tumour budding (TB) intensity were assessed using haematoxylin-eosin and anti-pan-cytokeratin (AE1/AE3). Patients' age and sex, TNM classification and follow-up time were collected from the medical records.
Results: MVD markers presented a similar pattern of expression in blood vessels. However, only α-SMA + MVD was significantly higher among women and in tumours ≤4 cm. LVD was lower in tumours with lymph node metastasis. Regarding the histological parameters, high TB intensity was associated with histological differentiation, advanced clinical stage, greater tumour thickness and reduced disease-free survival. No difference was found in VEGF.
Conclusions: The decrease in OSCC LVD could be related to pathological node involvement, whereas high TB intensity could indicate OSCC progression and worse patient outcomes.
Keywords: lymphatic vessel density; microvessel density; oral squamous cell carcinoma; tumour budding; tumour thickness.
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