Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis 8 years after serial herpes simplex virus type 1 and human herpesvirus type 7 encephalitis

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is triggered by herpesvirus encephalitis. Human herpesvirus type 7 (HHV-7) is a recently described herpesvirus for which neuroinvasion has been reported rarely. We report a case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis detected 8 years after recurrent herpes encephalitis associated with herpes simplex virus type 1 and HHV-7 in an immunocompetent host. Our case suggests that anti-NMDAR encephalitis may be triggered by HHV-7 meningoencephalitis in immunocompetent adults, and patients with a history of herpesvirus encephalitis should be vigilantly monitored.