Disparities in the Timing of Preoperative Hemodialysis Among Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
• ² Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
• ³ S-SPIRE Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
• ⁴ Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
• ⁵ Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
• ⁶ Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
• ⁷ Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy & Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.