Objectives: To investigate the role of donor change in the second hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT2) for hematological relapse of malignant hematology after the first transplantation (HSCT1) . Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with relapsed hematological malignancies who received HSCT2 at our single center between Mar 1998 and Dec 2020. A total of 70 patients were enrolled[49 males and 21 females; median age, 31.5 (3-61) yr]. Results: Forty-nine male and 21 female patients were enrolled in the trial. At the time of HSCT2, the median age was 31.5 (3-61) years old. Thirty-one patients were diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia, 23 patients with ALL, and 16 patients with MDS or other malignant hematology disease. Thirty patients had HSCT2 with donor change, and 40 patients underwent HSCT2 without donor change. The median relapse time after HSCT1 was 245.5 (26-2 905) days. After HSCT2, 70 patients had neutrophil engraftment, and 62 (88.6%) had platelet engraftment. The cumulative incidence of platelet engraftment was (93.1±4.7) % in patients with donor change and (86.0±5.7) % in patients without donor change (P=0.636). The cumulative incidence of CMV infection in patients with and without donor change was (64.0±10.3) % and (37.0±7.8) % (P=0.053), respectively. The cumulative incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ acute graft versus host disease was (19.4±7.9) % vs (31.3±7.5) %, respectively (P=0.227). The cumulative incidence of TRM 100-day post HSCT2 was (9.2±5.1) % vs (6.7±4.6) % (P=0.648), and the cumulative incidence of chronic graft versus host disease at 1-yr post-HSCT2 was (36.7±11.4) % versus (65.6±9.1) % (P=0.031). With a median follow-up of 767 (271-4 936) days, 38 patients had complete remission (CR), and three patients had persistent disease. The CR rate was 92.7%. The cumulative incidences of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) 2 yr after HSCT2 were 25.8% and 23.7%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of relapse, OS, and DFS was (52.6±11.6) % vs (62.4±11.3) % (P=0.423), (28.3±8.6) % vs (23.8±7.5) % (P=0.643), and (28.3±8.6) % vs (22.3±7.7) % (P=0.787), respectively, in patients with changed donor compared with patients with the original donor. Relapses within 6 months post-HSCT1 and with persistent disease before HSCT2 were risk factors for OS, DFS, and CIR. Disease status before HSCT2 and early relapse (within 6 months post-HSCT1) was an independent risk factor for OS, DFS, and CIR post-HSCT2. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that changing donors did not affect the clinical outcome of HSCT2.
目的： 评估二次异基因造血干细胞移植（二次移植）治疗移植后复发恶性血液病患者的疗效及安全性。 方法： 纳入1998年3月至2020年12月于北京大学血液病研究所行二次移植的70例恶性血液病患者，对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。 结果： 全部70例患者中男49例，女21例，二次移植时中位年龄为31.5（3~61）岁；其中急性髓系白血病（AML）31例，急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）23例，骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）及其他16例；30例患者在二次移植时更换供者，40例未更换供者。首次移植后中位复发时间为245.5（26~2 905）d。1例患者二次移植后原发病持续未缓解未获得粒细胞植入，其余69例患者均获得粒细胞植入。62例（88.6%）患者获得血小板植入，更换供者组、未更换供者组血小板植入率分别为（93.1±4.7）%、（86.0±5.7）%（P=0.636）。更换供者组、未更换供者组二次移植后巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染发生率分别为（64.0±10.3）%、（37.0±7.8）%（P=0.053），Ⅱ~Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）发生率分别为（19.4±7.9）%、（31.3±7.5）%（P=0.227），移植后100 d移植相关死亡率（TRM）分别为（9.2±5.1）%、（6.7±4.6）%（P=0.648），1年慢性GVHD累积发生率分别为（36.7±11.4）%、（65.6±9.1）%（P=0.031）。二次移植后中位随访767（271~4 936）d，更换供者组、未更换供者组二次移植后2年累积复发率（CIR）分别为（52.6±11.6）%、（62.4±11.3）%（P=0.423），总生存率分别为（28.3±8.6）%、（23.8±7.5）%（P=0.643），无病生存率分别为（28.3±8.6）%、（22.3±7.7）%（P=0.787）。二次移植前原发病完全缓解组（29例）、未缓解组（41例）移植后2年总生存率分别为（46.4±10.4）%、（11.0±5.2）%（P<0.001）。多因素分析显示，首次移植后早期复发（≤6个月）及二次移植前原发病未获得完全缓解是影响二次移植后复发、总生存和无病生存的独立危险因素。 结论： 更换供者对移植后复发恶性血液病患者二次移植的主要结局没有影响。.
Keywords: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Donor change; Malignant hematological disease; Relapse.