Clarifying the distribution pattern and overlapping relationship of sympatric relative species in the spatio-temporal niche is important for our understanding of the behavioral relationship between species and the integrated management of multi-species habitats. Based on the infrared camera monitoring data from 2012 to 2021, we investigted the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of the national secondary-class key protected animals Naemorhedus griseus and Capricornis milneedwardsii in the Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province. We analyzed the distribution of N. griseuss and C. milneedwardsiis in the reserve using the MaxEnt model, based on 72 and 108 occurrence data of the two species, respectively, obtained by infrared cameras from 2016 to 2021, combined with 12 environmental factors potentially affecting their spatial distribution. Then, based on 1312 occurrence data of N. griseus and 1889 occurrence data of C. milneedwardsii collected by infrared camera from 2012 to 2021, we estimated their daily activity rhythms by using the kernel density estimation to understand the distribution pattern and overlap of the two species in the temporal niche. The results showed that the area of suitable habitats for N. griseus and C. milneedwardsii was 731.95 km2 and 1220.46 km2, respectively. The overlapping area was 697.17 km2. The main environmental factors had similar effects on the habitat selection of the two species. The daily activity of both species peaked in the early morning and evening. The utilization of the interval and intensity of the morning and evening time periods were different for the two species. The morning and evening activity peaks of C. milneedwardsii were earlier and later, respectively, than that of N. griseus. C. milneedwardsii had a higher utilization intensity during the nocturnal period. In general, high degree of spatial overlap and low degree of overlap in the temporal niche dimension contribute to the long-term coexistence of the two species.
明确同域近缘物种在时空生态位上的分布格局及重叠性关系,对理解物种行为和多物种栖息地的整合管理均具有重要意义。本研究基于四川贡嘎山国家级自然保护区2012—2021年红外相机监测数据,对保护区内分布的国家级二级重点野生保护动物——中华斑羚和中华鬣羚的时空分布开展研究。基于2016—2021年红外相机获得的72个中华斑羚和108个中华鬣羚分布点位,结合可能影响其空间分布的12个重要环境因子,利用MaxEnt模型对贡嘎山保护区内的中华斑羚和中华鬣羚的空间分布格局进行研究。基于2012—2021年1312条中华斑羚和1889条中华鬣羚的有效红外相机记录数据,利用核密度估计原理测算中华斑羚和中华鬣羚的日活动节律,了解两物种在时间生态位上的分布格局及重叠性。结果表明: 中华斑羚和中华鬣羚适宜栖息地分别为731.95和1220.46 km2,分布区重叠面积为697.17 km2,且主要环境因子对两物种栖息地选择具有相似影响。两物种的日活动高峰均出现在清晨和黄昏,但两物种对晨昏时间段的利用区间和强度存在差异,中华鬣羚的早、晚活动高峰分别先于和迟于中华斑羚,且对夜晚时间段的利用强度更高。两物种生态位在空间维度上高度重叠,但在时间维度上分离程度较大,这可能是两物种同域分布却能长期共存的原因之一。.
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