To analyze the association between exposure to air pollution and respiratory disease of primary school students in Chongqing City. Eight districts and counties were randomly selected based on the air pollution situation in Chongqing City. In each selected district and county, one primary school was randomly selected. A questionnaire survey was conducted on all primary school students in Grades 3-5 by the end of 2019. Air quality data from the nearest environmental monitoring sites were collected. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the impact of the living environment, lifestyle and air pollution on the respiratory disease of surveyed students. This study included 5 918 primary school students, with a prevalence rate of respiratory disease of 21.54%. The prevalence rates of boys and girls were 23.38% and 19.59%, respectively. The average Air quality index (AQI) of the surveyed school was 67, and the rates of exceeding standards of PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and O3 were 1.16%, 6.92%, 0.99% and 5.65%, respectively. The level of SO2 and CO did not exceed the standard. After adjusting for relevant factors, logistic regression analysis showed that primary school students in areas with high exposure to air pollution (OR=2.52), using air pollution related-chemicals at home (OR=1.47), passive smoking (OR=1.27), and keeping pets at home (OR=1.18) had a higher risk of respiratory disease (all P<0.05). In addition, the average annual values of AQI (OR=1.18), PM10 (OR=1.20), PM2.5 (OR=1.35), and NO2 (OR=1.11) increased the risk of respiratory diseases in primary school students (all P<0.05). In conclusion, the respiratory disease of primary school students in Chongqing City is related to the living environment, behavior habits and ambient air quality. The increased exposure concentration of PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 in air pollutants can lead to an increased risk of respiratory disease among primary school students.
探讨重庆市大气污染与小学生呼吸系统疾病的关联。采用分层整群抽样方法，根据重庆市空气污染状况随机抽取8个区县，每个区随机抽取1所小学，于2019年底对所有3~5年级小学生开展问卷调查。同时收集当年最近空气质量监测站点大气污染物浓度数据。采用非条件logistic回归模型分析生活居住环境、行为习惯及大气污染暴露对小学生呼吸系统疾病的影响。本研究共纳入5 918名小学生，呼吸系统患病率为21.54%，男生和女生患病率分别为23.38%、19.59%。调查学校空气质量指数（AQI）平均值为67，PM10、PM2.5、NO2、O3超标率分别为1.16%、6.92%、0.99%、5.65%，SO2、CO未超标。调整相关因素后，logistic回归分析显示，大气污染高暴露地区（OR=2.52）、家中使用空气污染相关化学品（OR=1.47）、有被动吸烟（OR=1.27）、家中养宠物（OR=1.18）的小学生呼吸系统患病风险更高（均P<0.05）。此外，AQI（OR=1.18）、PM10（OR=1.20）、PM2.5（OR=1.35）和NO2（OR=1.11）年均值升高小学生呼吸系统患病风险增加（均P<0.05）。综上，重庆市小学生呼吸系统患病与生活居住环境、行为习惯以及环境空气质量有关，大气污染物中PM10、PM2.5和NO2暴露浓度升高可导致小学生呼吸系统疾病患病风险增加。.