Neonatal alveolar lymphangioma: A rare benign oral disease case report and literature review

Background: Neonatal alveolar lymphangioma (NAL) is a rare benign condition most often reported in the oral cavity of neonates of African descent.

Case description: The authors present a case report of bilateral NAL, including follow-up images at 6 months and 17 months. The clinical differential diagnosis includes dental lamina cyst, hemangioma, congenital epulis of the neonate, and melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy. Key differences to assist in making the distinction are described.

Practical implications: The distinguishing characteristics of NAL make a clinical diagnosis possible. Accurate clinical recognition of NAL is essential because biopsy is not typically indicated. Because this is a clinical diagnosis, follow-up for 1 year or until complete resolution; biopsy is suggested if clinically indicated for residual or recurrent lesion.