Investigation of the relationship between magnesium level and vitamin D, bone mineral density, and chronic diseases in patients with knee osteoarthritis

The maintenance of various physiological cellular processes requires mineral magnesium (Mg). The purpose of the study was to determine a possible association between Mg level and vitamin D levels, bone mineral density (BMD), chronic diseases, and radiographic stage in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The study included 98 individuals (62 female and 36 male) who had been diagnosed with at least grade 1 knee OA. Age, sex, smoking, body mass index (BMI), family history of osteoporosis, menopausal status, duration of menopause, the presence of chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, coronary artery disease, hypothyroidism) and radiological stage of knee OA were gathered from all patients. Also, serum calcium, Mg, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25(OH)-vitamin D levels were recorded. Additionally, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to measure the BMD of the lumbar vertebrae (L1-L4) and femoral neck as well as anteroposterior radiography of the knee in all patients. T scores ≤-2.5 were accepted as evidence of osteoporosis. The mean age of the study population was 59.15 ± 10.58 years. The level of Mg significantly correlated with age, smoking, presence of chronic disease, duration of menopause, the level of vitamin D and PTH, and femoral neck T score (p<0.05). This study provides data supporting the relationship between magnesium levels and PTH and vitamin D levels, bone mineral density, and chronic disease. Future research is needed to examine the potential link between knee osteoarthritis and magnesium status.