Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Ablation With a Bipolar Clamp Creates Durable Transmural Lesions in Cardiac Tissue

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (F.S., J.U.N., F.V., C.W.Z.), Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA.
• ² Center for Bioelectrics (F.S., J.U.N., F.V., C.W.Z.), Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA.
• ³ Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (F.S., C.W.Z.).
• ⁴ Moanalua Medical Center, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Honolulu, HI (J.M.P.).
• ⁵ Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (J.M.P., E.S., J.C.E.).
• ⁶ Mid-Atlantic Thoracic Surgeons, Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk, VA (J.M.P.).
• ⁷ Department of General Surgery, University Hospitals, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (E.S.).
• ⁸ Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.C.E.).
• ⁹ Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (G.D.R.).