Treatment of myopic choroidal neovascularization: a network meta-analysis and review

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2024 Jun;262(6):1693-1722. doi: 10.1007/s00417-023-06271-2. Epub 2023 Nov 11.

Abstract

Purpose: This is, to our knowledge, the first network meta-analysis aiming to compare all treatment modalities for myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

Methods: After the electronic databases were searched, two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, full-texts, and extracted information. Primary endpoints were change in visual outcome and central retinal thickness. We used a network meta-analysis to compare treatment outcomes in the early (≤ 6 months) and late (> 6 months) phase.

Results: We included 34 studies (2,098 eyes) in our network meta-analysis. In the early phase, the use of anti-VEGF led to a gain of 14.1 letters (95% CI, 10.8-17.4) compared to untreated patients (p < 0.0001), 12.1 letters (95% CI, 8.3-15.8) to photodynamic therapy (PDT) (p < 0.0001), 7.5 (95% CI, 1.2-13.8) letters to intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TCA) (p = 0.019), and - 2.9 letters (95% CI, - 6.0-0.2) to the combination of anti-VEGF and PDT (p = 0.065). In the later phase, these results were largely maintained. There were no significant differences in visual outcomes between patients treated with 1 + PRN and 3 + PRN. However, the 1 + PRN group received 1.8 (SD 1.3), while the 3 + PRN group received 3.2 (SD 0.9) injections within 12 months (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion: This network meta-analysis confirms that anti-VEGF is the most effective treatment for myopic CNV using the 1 + PRN treatment strategy.

Keywords: Aflibercept; Anti-VEGF; Bevacizumab; Choroidal neovascularization; Conbercept; Myopia; Myopic CNV; Photodynamic therapy; Ranibizumab.

Publication types

  • Meta-Analysis
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Angiogenesis Inhibitors* / administration & dosage
  • Angiogenesis Inhibitors* / therapeutic use
  • Choroidal Neovascularization* / diagnosis
  • Choroidal Neovascularization* / drug therapy
  • Choroidal Neovascularization* / physiopathology
  • Humans
  • Intravitreal Injections*
  • Myopia, Degenerative* / complications
  • Myopia, Degenerative* / diagnosis
  • Myopia, Degenerative* / physiopathology
  • Network Meta-Analysis*
  • Photochemotherapy* / methods
  • Tomography, Optical Coherence / methods
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Visual Acuity*