'No evidence of harm' implies no evidence of safety: Framing the lack of causal evidence in gambling advertising research

Affiliations

• ¹ School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
• ² Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
• ³ Centre for Decision Research, University of Leeds, Leeds University Business School, Leeds, UK.
• ⁴ Gordon Moody, Dudley, UK.
• ⁵ School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
• ⁶ School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia.
• ⁷ School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
• ⁸ School of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK.
• ⁹ Ministry of Health New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.
• ¹⁰ School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
• ¹¹ Department of Communication Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
• ¹² Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
• ¹³ School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
• ¹⁴ School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
• ¹⁵ Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavík, Iceland.
• ¹⁶ PGF Group, Newmarket, Auckland, New Zealand.
• ¹⁷ Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
• ¹⁸ School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
• ¹⁹ Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK.
• ²⁰ School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
• ²¹ School of Business and Law, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia.
• ²² Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
• ²³ Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
• ²⁴ School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
• ²⁵ Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
• ²⁶ School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
• ²⁷ Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ²⁸ Business School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
• ²⁹ Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• ³⁰ Department of Experimental Psychology, UCL, London, UK.
• ³¹ Greo Evidence Insights, Guelph, ON, Canada.
• ³² Centre for Gambling Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia.
• ³³ School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
• ³⁴ Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Brumunddal, Norway.
• ³⁵ School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK.
• ³⁶ School of Psychology, University of Chester, Chester, UK.
• ³⁷ Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC - University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
• ³⁸ Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Bradford, UK.
• ³⁹ Center for Digital Play, IT University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark.
• ⁴⁰ Department of Computer Science, University of York, York, UK.
• ⁴¹ Transatlantic Technology Law Forum, Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
• ⁴² The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn, Lincoln's Inn, London, UK.
• ⁴³ Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
• ⁴⁴ Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
• ⁴⁵ Gambling and Addictions Research Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
• ⁴⁶ National Addiction Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
• ⁴⁷ School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.