Screening and early diagnosis and treatment have been proven effective in reducing the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy combined with pathological examination is the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening. However, due to the invasiveness, high cost and the need for professional endoscopists of colonoscopy, it is not feasible to directly use this method for mass population screening. Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is one of the screening techniques recommended by authoritative international guidelines for colorectal cancer screening, and has been widely used in population-based colorectal cancer screening programs in countries around the world. This paper elaborates on the value of FIT in colorectal cancer screening from different aspects, such as the technical principles, the screening efficiency, the screening strategies, and the population effects and benefits. Additionally, it describes the current situation of colorectal cancer screening in China and summarizes the challenges faced in colorectal cancer screening in order to optimize the FIT-based colorectal cancer screening strategies in the population and provide theoretical reference for effective colorectal cancer screening.
筛查与早诊早治已被证实是降低结直肠癌发病率和死亡率的有效手段。结肠镜结合病理检查是结直肠癌筛查的金标准，但因结肠镜检查具有侵入性、费用高且需要专业内镜医师操作等因素，不适合直接用于大规模人群筛查。粪便免疫化学检测(FIT)是国际权威结直肠癌筛查指南推荐的筛查技术之一，已在世界各国人群结直肠癌筛查项目中广泛应用。文章从技术原理、筛查效能、筛查策略、人群效果和效益等不同方面阐述了FIT在结直肠癌筛查中的价值，介绍了目前在中国人群中采用FIT进行结直肠癌筛查的现状，指出了FIT筛查所面临的挑战，以期优化基于FIT的人群结直肠癌筛查策略，为开展高效的结直肠癌筛查提供理论参考。.
Keywords: Colorectal neoplasms; Fecal immunochemical test; Screening.