Synthesis, molecular docking, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and ulcerogenic evaluation of thiophene-pyrazole candidates as COX, 5-LOX, and TNF-α inhibitors

Inflammopharmacology. 2024 Feb;32(1):693-713. doi: 10.1007/s10787-023-01364-0. Epub 2023 Nov 20.

Abstract

The thiophene bearing pyrazole derivatives (7a-j) were synthesized and examined for their in vitro cyclooxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase, and tumour inducing factor-α inhibitory activities followed by the in vivo analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and ulcerogenic evaluations. The synthesized series (7a-j) were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectral analysis. Initially, the compounds (7a-j) were evaluated for their in vitro cyclooxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase, and tumour inducing factor-α inhibitory activities and the compound (7f) with two phenyl substituents in the pyrazole ring and chloro substituent in the thiophene ring and the compound (7g) with two phenyl substituents in the pyrazole ring and bromo substituent in the thiophene ring were observed as potent compounds among the series. The compounds (7f and 7g) with effective in vitro potentials were further analyzed for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and ulcerogenic evaluations. Also, to ascertain the binding affinities of compounds (7a-j), docking assessments were carried out and the ligand (7f) with the highest binding affinity was docked to know the interactions of the ligand with amino acids of target proteins.

Keywords: 5-LOX; Analgesic; Anti-inflammatory; COX; Pyrazole; TNF-α -inhibition; Thiophene; Ulcerogenic effects.

MeSH terms

  • Analgesics / therapeutic use
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use
  • Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase* / metabolism
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 / metabolism
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Edema / drug therapy
  • Humans
  • Ligands
  • Molecular Docking Simulation
  • Molecular Structure
  • Neoplasms*
  • Pyrazoles / pharmacology
  • Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
  • Thiophenes / pharmacology
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Substances

  • Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
  • Thiophenes
  • Ligands
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Analgesics
  • Cyclooxygenase 2
  • Pyrazoles
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal