Water-soluble Moringa oleifera Seed Lectin Exhibits Monoaminergic Pathway-linked Anti-depressive-like Effects in Mice

Objectives: The present study investigated the anti-depressive-like (anti-immobility) effect of a lectin from Moringa oleifera seeds (WSMoL) in mice.

Methods: To evaluate an acute effect, the animals were treated with WSMoL (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before the tail suspension test (TST). To investigate the involvement of monoaminergic and nitrergic signaling, the mice were pre-treated with selective antagonists. The role of the WSMoL carbohydrate-recognizing domain (CRD) was verified using previous blockage with casein (0.5 mg/mL). The subacute anti-immobility effect was also evaluated by administering WSMoL (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg, i.p.) once a day for 7 d. Finally, an open field test (OFT) was performed to identify possible interferences of WSMoL on animal locomotory behavior.

Results: WSMoL reduced the immobility time of mice in the TST at all doses, and combined treatment with fluoxetine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and WSMoL (1 mg/kg) was also effective. The CRD appeared to be involved in the anti-immobility effect since the solution of WSMoL (4 mg/kg) pre-incubated with casein showed no activity. The lectin effect was prevented by the pre-treatment of mice with ketanserin, yohimbine, and SCH 23390, thereby demonstrating the involvement of monoaminergic pathways. In contrast, pre-treatment with L-NAME, aminoguanidine, and L-arginine did not interfere with lectin action. WSMoL exhibited a subacute effect in the TST, thereby reducing immobility time and increasing agitation time even on the seventh day. OFT data revealed that the anti-immobility effect was not caused by interference with locomotor behavior.

Conclusion: WSMoL elicits an anti-depressant-like effect that is dependent on monoaminergic signaling.