Antibacterial activity of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort) extracts against Gram-positive bacteria and characterisation of its secondary metabolites

This study aimed to determine the secondary metabolite profiles and antibacterial activity of H. perforatum L extracts against Gram-positive clinical isolates. The plant materials (Sample A and Sample B) were macerated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol (MeOH). The antibacterial activitiy of plant extracts and routinely used antibiotics were tested against Gram-positive bacteria. The secondary metabolite profiles of Sample A were determined by LC-Q-TOF-MS. The MIC values for n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Sample A were lower than the susceptibility breakpoints of most broad-spectrum antibiotics (e.g. vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid) in a certain proportion of Gram-positive bacteria. The n-hexane extract of Sample A showed good antibacterial activity with MICs lower than the susceptibility breakpoint of teicoplanin in 58% of coagulase-negative staphylococci. The n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Sample A had rich phloroglucinol constituents. The n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Sample A could be alternative antibacterial agents against Gram-positive bacteria.