Deep-Structure Attitudes and Reasons Toward Healthy Eating and Self-Rated Diet and Health in Ethnically Diverse U.S.-Hispanics/Latinos

Little is known about deep-structure (i.e., embedded) cultural attitudes toward healthy eating among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States. This study aimed to identify ethnic-specific dietary attitudes of Latino adults and evaluate their associations with self-rated diet and health. Participants (n = 200) were community-based Latinos (25-65 y/o) living in the Boston, Massachusetts metro area who completed a survey assessing agreement with 20 statements on attitudes toward healthy eating (eight positive and 12 negative) and 15 statements on reasons for healthy eating across seven constructs. Multinomial logistic regression models tested the association of sum scores of positive or negative attitudes and reasons for healthy eating with self-rated diet or self-rated health for participants of Caribbean versus Non-Caribbean backgrounds. Most participants of both backgrounds agreed that healthy eating would keep them healthy and make them look good, and that families should eat together. Differences by background were noted in statements regarding eating at special occasions, cost of healthy foods, self-efficacy (i.e., cravings), and cultural beliefs. Negative attitudes were associated with lower odds of better self-rated health for Caribbean, but not for non-Caribbean, participants. Positive attitudes were associated with 1.85 (95% CI [1.10, 3.12]) odds of better self-rated diet for Caribbean participants and 3.13 (95% CI [1.26, 7.81]) for non-Caribbean participants. Non-Caribbean participants were more likely to self-rate very good/excellent diet with higher reasons for healthy eating. Latinos have shared and ethnic-specific deep-structure attitudes toward healthy eating related to their perceived diet quality and health. Programs promoting healthy eating for Latino adults should be deeply tailored by ethnicity.