Clinical Outcomes of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance Without Detectable Clones

Introduction: Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) is characterized by monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition in kidneys. However, monoclonal immunoglobulin and responsible clone(s) are not always detectable. Treatment response and kidney outcome of MGRS without detectable clones remain unclear.

Methods: In this single-center, retrospective cohort study, we identified MGRS without detectable clones from our biopsy repository between 2010 and 2022. We investigated the correlations between treatment regimens and kidney outcomes defined by proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and the impact of repeat kidney biopsy.

Results: Our study cohort included 29 cases (27 native kidney and 2 transplant allograft biopsies) of MGRS without detectable clones. At diagnosis, median serum creatinine was 1.8 mg/dl (interquartile range [IQR] 1.3-2.7), with proteinuria 4.6 g/gCr (IQR 2.3-7.9). Treatment regimens were variable: 6 (21%) received conservative therapy, 13 (45%) received plasma cell clone-directed therapy, 8 (28%) received lymphocytic clone-directed therapy, and 2 (7%) received nonclone-directed immunosuppressive therapy. Of 24 patients with proteinuria >0.5 g/gCr at diagnosis, 9 (38%) and 6 (25%) achieved complete response (CR) and partial response (PR), respectively. If interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) was >50% at the initial biopsy, less proportion of patients achieved CR. Six of 7 repeat biopsies showed progression of chronic changes (e.g., IFTA) but provided limited information on treatment response.

Conclusion: Treatment regimens and outcomes of MGRS without detectable clones were extremely variable. Repeat biopsy provided limited information to assess disease activity or the need for additional treatment. More sensitive tools are needed to detect clones and to assess treatment response.