Objective: To investigate the operation of children's vaccination clinics in Shandong Province, simulate the efficiency of vaccination capacity utilization, and explore the feasibility of carrying out adult vaccination in children's vaccination clinics. Methods: Using the extreme hypothesis method to determine the maximum vaccination capacity of children's vaccination clinics. Based on on-site surveys, population, and vaccination rate data, simulation parameters were determined, and the simulation method was used to simulate the utilization efficiency of vaccination capacity in different scenarios of children's vaccination clinics. Results: There were 2 654 children's vaccination clinics by the end of 2021 in Shandong province. There was (6.93±4.02) staff per vaccination clinic, with an average opening day of (4.16±2.19) days per week. In the scenario of only vaccinating children, the utilization efficiency of vaccination capacity during the non-influenza vaccination season was only 30.74% and 14.07% in urban and rural vaccination clinics, respectively. During the influenza vaccination season, the utilization efficiency of the vaccination capacity of urban vaccination clinics reached 49.26% when the child influenza vaccination rate reached 20%. In the scenario of simultaneous vaccination of children and adults, the utilization efficiency of vaccination capacity during the non-influenza vaccination season was 41.48% and 18.52% in urban and rural vaccination clinics, respectively. During the influenza vaccination season, the utilization efficiency of vaccination capacity in urban vaccination clinics reached 51.47% when the influenza vaccination rate of the entire population reached 3%. The utilization efficiency of vaccination capacity in rural vaccination clinics reached 52.44% when the influenza vaccination rate of the entire population reached 20%. Conclusion: The accessibility of children's vaccination is good in Shandong province, and the utilization efficiency of vaccination capacity can meet the current vaccination needs of children and adults. The vaccination capacity in urban areas needs to be strengthened to meet the growing vaccination needs of children and adults in the future.
目的： 对山东省儿童预防接种门诊设置运行情况进行调查和接种能力利用效率分层模拟测算，探讨在儿童预防接种门诊开展成人疫苗接种的可行性。 方法： 运用极限假设法确定儿童预防接种门诊极限接种能力，根据现场调查、人口和接种率数据，确定模拟参数，采用模拟法分层模拟儿童预防接种门诊不同情景的接种能力利用效率。 结果： 2021年底，山东省共设儿童预防接种门诊2 654所，工作人员为（6.93±4.02）名/门诊，开诊（4.16±2.19）d/周。在只接种儿童疫苗情景下，城区和农村预防接种门诊非流感疫苗接种季节的接种能力利用效率分别为30.74%和14.07%，流感疫苗接种季节，当儿童流感疫苗接种率达到20%时，城区接种门诊接种能力利用效率达到49.26%。在同时接种儿童和成人疫苗情景下，城区和农村预防接种门诊非流感疫苗接种季节的接种能力利用效率为41.48%和18.52%，流感疫苗接种季节，当全人群流感疫苗接种率达到3%时，城区预防接种门诊接种能力利用效率达到51.47%。当接种率达到20%时，农村预防接种门诊接种能力利用效率达到52.44%。 结论： 山东省儿童预防接种门诊接种服务可及性好，接种能力能够满足当前辖区儿童和成人接种需求，城区需进一步加强预防接种能力建设，以满足将来日益增长的儿童和成人接种需求。.