Turning and sitting movements during timed up and go tests predict deterioration of physical function in middle-aged adults

Background: Deterioration of physical function in middle-aged adults is a significant challenge that can lead to increased risk of future falls. However, a screening method for the functional decline in middle-aged adults has not been established.

Research question: To evaluate the relationship between biomechanical parameters assessed by the timed up and go test (TUG) and locomotive syndrome (LS) in middle-aged adults.

Methods: The inclusion criterion was: under 65 years of age. A total of 97 volunteers (mean age 51.1 years) participated in this study. An LS test was performed, including a 2-step test, a stand-up test, and a 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale. The TUG was measured using inertial measurement units (IMUs) at comfortable and fast speeds. We then determined the minimum values for anterior-posterior acceleration and angular velocity around the medial-lateral axis, as well as the maximum values of angular velocity around the vertical axis for the upper trunk and sacrum in a TUG phase.

Results: Angular velocity around the vertical axis for upper trunk and sacrum were significantly smaller in LS than non-LS in the turn phase of both speed conditions. For the fast speed condition, the minimum anterior-posterior acceleration for sacrum was greater in LS than in the non-LS condition for the stand-to-sit phase. Angular velocity around the vertical axis for turning and anterior-posterior acceleration from sitting were associated with detection of LS.

Significance: Turning and sitting movements during TUG should be observed using IMU to screen for physical function decline in middle aged adults.