Monitoring SpO2: The Basics of Retinopathy of Prematurity (Back to Basics) and Targeting Oxygen Saturation

Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2024 Mar;36(1):69-98. doi: 10.1016/j.cnc.2023.08.004. Epub 2023 Sep 15.

Abstract

Oxygen (O2) is a drug frequently used in newborn care. Adverse effects of hypoxia are well known but the damaging effects of excess oxygen administration and oxidative stress have only been studied in the last 2 decades. Many negative effects have been described, including retinopathy of prematurity . Noninvasive pulse oximetry (SpO2) is useful to detect hypoxemia but requires careful evaluation and understanding of the frequently changing relationship between O2 and hemoglobin to prevent hyperoxemia. Intention to treat SpO2 ranges should be individualized for every newborn receiving supplemental O2, according to gestational age, post-natal age, and clinical condition.

Keywords: Hyperoxemia; Hypoxemia; Intention to treat; Oxidative stress; Preterm newborn; ROP; SpO(2).

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Humans
  • Hypoxia / chemically induced
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Infant, Premature
  • Oximetry
  • Oxygen / adverse effects
  • Oxygen Saturation*
  • Retinopathy of Prematurity* / chemically induced
  • Retinopathy of Prematurity* / diagnosis
  • Retinopathy of Prematurity* / prevention & control

Substances

  • Oxygen