Aims: United States South Asians constitute a fast-growing ethnic group with high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) despite lower mean BMI and other traditional risk factors compared to other races/ethnicities. Bilirubin has gained attention as a potential antioxidant, cardio-protective marker. Hence we sought to determine whether total bilirubin was associated with prevalent and incident T2D in U.S. South Asians.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and prospective analysis of the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study. Total bilirubin was categorized into gender-specific quartiles (Men: <0.6, 0.6, 0.7-0.8, >0.8; Women: <0.5, 0.5, 0.6, >0.6 mg/dl). We estimated odds of type 2 diabetes as well as other cardiovascular (CV) risk factors using multivariable logistic regression.
Results: Among a total 1,149 participants (48% female, mean [SD] age of 57 [9] years), 38% had metabolic syndrome and 24% had T2D. Men and women in the lowest bilirubin quartile had 0.55% and 0.17% higher HbA1c than the highest quartile. Men, but not women, in the lowest bilirubin quartile had higher odds of T2D compared to the highest quartile (aOR [95% CI]; Men: 3.00 [1.72,5.23], Women: 1.15 [0.57,2.31]). There was no association between bilirubin and other CV risk factors.
Conclusion: Total bilirubin was inversely associated with T2D in SA men but not women. Longitudinal studies are needed to understand temporality of association.
Copyright: © 2024 Visaria et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.