Prognostic impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma in patients with heart failure

Rev Clin Esp (Barc). 2024 Mar;224(3):123-132. doi: 10.1016/j.rceng.2024.01.007. Epub 2024 Feb 5.

Abstract

Purpose: To analyze the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchial asthma on therapeutic management and prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF).

Methods: Analysis of the information collected in a clinical registry of patients referred to a specialized HF unit from January-2010 to June-2012. Clinical profile, treatment and prognosis of patients was evaluated, according to the presence of COPD or asthma. Survival analyses were conducted by means of Kaplan-Meier and Cox's methods. Median follow-up was 1493 days.

Results: We studied 2577 patients, of which 251 (9.7%) presented COPD and 96 (3.7%) bronchial asthma. Significant differences among study groups were observed regarding to the prescription of beta-blockers (COPD=89.6%; asthma=87.5%; no bronchopathy=94.1%; p=0.002) and SGLT2 inhibitors (COPD=35.1%; asthma=50%; no bronchopathy=38.3%; p=0.036). Also, patients with bronchial disease received less frequently a defibrillator (COPD=20.3%; asthma=20.8%; no broncopathy=29%; p=0.004). COPD was independently associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.64; 95% CI 1.33-2.02), all-cause death or HF admission (HR=1.47; 95% CI 1.22-1.76) and cardiovascular death or heart transplantation (HR=1.39; 95% CI 1.08-1.79) as compared with patients with no bronchopathy. Bronchial asthma was not significantly associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes.

Conclusions: COPD, but not asthma, is an adverse independent prognostic factor in patients with HF.

Keywords: Asma; Bronchial asthma; COPD; EPOC; Heart failure; Insuficiencia cardiaca; Prognosis; Pronóstico; Tratamiento; Treatment.

MeSH terms

  • Asthma* / complications
  • Asthma* / epidemiology
  • Heart Failure* / complications
  • Heart Failure* / epidemiology
  • Heart Failure* / therapy
  • Humans
  • Prognosis
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* / complications
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* / drug therapy
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* / epidemiology