Ribonucleotide reductase inhibition improves the symptoms of a Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer's disease

G3 (Bethesda). 2024 May 7;14(5):jkae040. doi: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae040.

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is the main cause of aging-associated dementia, for which there is no effective treatment. In this work, we reanalyze the information of a previous genome wide association study, using a new pipeline design to identify novel potential drugs. With this approach, ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase gene (RRM2B) emerged as a candidate target and its inhibitor, 2', 2'-difluoro 2'deoxycytidine (gemcitabine), as a potential pharmaceutical drug against Alzheimer's disease. We functionally verified the effect of inhibiting the RRM2B homolog, rnr-2, in an Alzheimer's model of Caenorhabditis elegans, which accumulates human Aβ1-42 peptide to an irreversible paralysis. RNA interference against rnr-2 and also treatment with 200 ng/ml of gemcitabine, showed an improvement of the phenotype. Gemcitabine treatment increased the intracellular ATP level 3.03 times, which may point to its mechanism of action. Gemcitabine has been extensively used in humans for cancer treatment but at higher concentrations. The 200 ng/ml concentration did not exert a significant effect over cell cycle, or affected cell viability when assayed in the microglia N13 cell line. Thus, the inhibitory drug of the RRM2B activity could be of potential use to treat Alzheimer's disease and particularly gemcitabine might be considered as a promising candidate to be repurposed for its treatment.

Keywords: Caenorhabditis elegans; Alzheimer; RRM2B; gemcitabine.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Adenosine Triphosphate / metabolism
  • Alzheimer Disease* / drug therapy
  • Amyloid beta-Peptides / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / genetics
  • Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / metabolism
  • Caenorhabditis elegans* / drug effects
  • Deoxycytidine* / analogs & derivatives
  • Deoxycytidine* / pharmacology
  • Deoxycytidine* / therapeutic use
  • Disease Models, Animal*
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Gemcitabine
  • Humans
  • RNA Interference
  • Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase / genetics
  • Ribonucleotide Reductases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Ribonucleotide Reductases / metabolism

Substances

  • Deoxycytidine
  • Amyloid beta-Peptides
  • Gemcitabine
  • Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase
  • Ribonucleotide Reductases
  • Adenosine Triphosphate
  • Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins
  • Enzyme Inhibitors