The Burden of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Among Adolescents and Young Adults in 24 Western European Countries, 1990-2019: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Benedetta Armocida; Lorenzo Monasta; Susan M Sawyer; Flavia Bustreo; Graziano Onder; Giulio Castelpietra; Flavia Pricci; Valentina Minardi; Claudia Giacomozzi; Cristiana Abbafati; Lauryn K Stafford; Maja Pasovic; Simon I Hay; Kanyin Lian Ong; Pablo Perel; David Beran; GBD 2019 Europe Adolescent Diabetes

doi:10.3389/ijph.2023.1606491

The Burden of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Among Adolescents and Young Adults in 24 Western European Countries, 1990-2019: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Int J Public Health. 2024 Feb 14:68:1606491. doi: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606491. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Benedetta Armocida^{1

2}, Lorenzo Monasta³, Susan M Sawyer⁴, Flavia Bustreo⁵, Graziano Onder^{6

7}, Giulio Castelpietra⁸, Flavia Pricci², Valentina Minardi⁹, Claudia Giacomozzi², Cristiana Abbafati¹⁰, Lauryn K Stafford¹¹, Maja Pasovic¹¹, Simon I Hay^{11

12}, Kanyin Lian Ong¹¹, Pablo Perel¹³, David Beran¹⁴; GBD 2019 Europe Adolescent Diabetes

Affiliations

¹ Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
² Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
³ Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.
⁴ Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
⁵ Fondation Botnar, Geneva, Switzerland.
⁶ Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
⁷ Department of Geriatric and Orthopedic Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
⁸ Outpatient and Inpatient Care Service, Central Health Directorate, Trieste, Italy.
⁹ National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
¹⁰ Department of Juridical and Economic Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
¹¹ Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, United States.
¹² Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
¹³ Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
¹⁴ Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, University of Geneva and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.

Abstract

Objectives: As little is known about the burden of type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in adolescents in Western Europe (WE), we aimed to explore their epidemiology among 10-24 year-olds. Methods: Estimates were retrieved from the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2019. We reported counts, rates per 100,000 population, and percentage changes from 1990 to 2019 for prevalence, incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) of T1DM and T2DM, and the burden of T2DM in YLDs attributable to high body mass index (HBMI), for 24 WE countries. Results: In 2019, prevalence and disability estimates were higher for T1DM than T2DM among 10-24 years old adolescents in WE. However, T2DM showed a greater increase in prevalence and disability than T1DM in the 30 years observation period in all WE countries. Prevalence increased with age, while only minor differences were observed between sexes. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the substantial burden posed by DM in WE among adolescents. Health system responses are needed for transition services, data collection systems, education, and obesity prevention.

Keywords: Western Europe; adolescent health; diabetes; global burden of disease; public health.

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Adult
Child
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / epidemiology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / epidemiology
Global Burden of Disease
Global Health
Humans
Incidence
Prevalence
Quality-Adjusted Life Years
Young Adult

Grants and funding

Funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The funder of the study had no role in study design, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the manuscript. All authors had full access to all data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.