3D imaging of aqueous veins and surrounding sclera using a dual-wavelength photoacoustic microscopy

Linyu Ni; Wei Zhang; Wonsuk Kim; Alexus Warchock; Amanda Bicket; Xueding Wang; Sayoko E Moroi; Alan Argento; Guan Xu

doi:10.1364/BOE.505288

3D imaging of aqueous veins and surrounding sclera using a dual-wavelength photoacoustic microscopy

Biomed Opt Express. 2023 Nov 16;14(12):6291-6300. doi: 10.1364/BOE.505288. eCollection 2023 Dec 1.

Authors

Linyu Ni^{1

2}, Wei Zhang^{1

2}, Wonsuk Kim³, Alexus Warchock^{1

3}, Amanda Bicket¹, Xueding Wang^{2

4}, Sayoko E Moroi⁵, Alan Argento³, Guan Xu^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 500 S. State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
² Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 500 S. State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
³ Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA.
⁴ Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 500 S. State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
⁵ Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Abstract

Understanding aqueous outflow resistance at the level of aqueous veins has been a challenge to the management of glaucoma. This study investigated resolving the anatomies of aqueous veins and the textures of surrounding sclera using photoacoustic microscopy (PAM). A dual wavelength PAM system was established and validated using imaging phantoms, porcine and human globes perfused with an optical contrast agent ex vivo. The system shows lateral resolution of 8.23 µm and 4.70 µm at 1200 nm and 532 nm, respectively, and an axial resolution of 27.6 µm. The system is able to separately distinguish the aqueous veins and the sclera with high contrast in full circumference of the porcine and human globes.