Objectives: Rapid management of patients with respiratory tract infections in hospital emergency departments is one of the main objectives since the concurrent circulation of respiratory viruses following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The use of new combined point-of-care antigen tests for detecting influenza A/B and SARS-CoV-2 represents an advantage in response time over the molecular tests. The objective was to evaluate the suitability of the CLINITEST® Rapid Covid-19 + Influenza Antigen test (Siemens Healthineers, Germany) (RCIA test) by measuring the sensitivity, specificity, Cohen's kappa, and cut-off values.
Methods: Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from a randomised group of symptomatic patients of all ages at emergency department during January-February 2023. In parallel, these patients were screened for influenza A/B, and SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR. The Ct (cycle threshold) values were collected for positive [RT-PCR (+) /RCIA test (+)] and false negative [(RT-PCR (+) /RCIA test (-)] samples. A subanalysis was performed in the paediatric population (< 16 years-old).
Results: We included 545 patients (55.8% females) with a median age of 7 years-old (IQR: 1-66.5). The RCIA test showed a sensitivity of 59.7% [95%CI: 46.9-67.33] for influenza A, 65.6% [95%CI: 49.5-80.3] for influenza B, and 76.9% [95%CI: 45.8-84.8] for SARS-CoV-2. The specificity was between 90.7%-99.7% with a moderate/high level of agreement with RT-PCR (kappa score: 0.6-0.8) for the three respiratory viruses included in the RCIA test.
Conclusions: The sensitivity of the RCIA test is insufficient for screening of patients, including patients with low Ct values (Ct > 20). Despite its good specificity and Cohen's kappa value, its use as a screening test is not comparable to RT-PCR systems in the ED environment with a high number of false negative results.
Keywords: Antigen test; Clinitest; Emergency department; Influenza A/B; Point-of-care; RT-PCR; Respiratory infection; SARS-CoV-2; Viruses.
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.