Perineural Infiltration: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Implications

Am J Dermatopathol. 2024 May 1;46(5):271-286. doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002667. Epub 2024 Mar 8.

Abstract

Perineural infiltration refers to a neoplastic cell involvement in, around, and through the nerves. It is considered as one of the neoplastic dissemination pathways. Thus, its identification is crucial to establish the prognosis of some malignant skin neoplasms, such as squamous cell carcinoma, and explains the locally aggressive behavior of cutaneous neoplasms, such as microcystic adnexal carcinoma. We have conducted a review of malignant and benign skin tumors in which perineural infiltration has been described, and we also discuss some histopathological findings that may simulate perineural infiltration.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* / diagnosis
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* / pathology
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* / therapy
  • Humans
  • Neoplasms, Adnexal and Skin Appendage*
  • Prognosis
  • Skin Neoplasms* / diagnosis
  • Skin Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Skin Neoplasms* / therapy