Reevaluating the FDA's warning against the use of probiotics in preterm neonates: A societal statement by ESPGHAN and EFCNI

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ² Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institutes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ³ Neonatal Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
• ⁴ Department of Neonatology, APHP Necker University Hospital, Paris Cite University, Paris, France.
• ⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
• ⁶ Department of Pediatrics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
• ⁷ Department of Health Management, Neu-Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Neu-Ulm, Germany.
• ⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Zollernalb Klinikum, Balingen, Germany.
• ⁹ Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, Pediatrics, Hospital "F. Del Ponte", University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
• ¹⁰ Department of Translational Medical Science and the ImmunoNutritionLab at the Ceinge Research Center and Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
• ¹¹ Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
• ¹² Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
• ¹³ Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
• ¹⁴ International Scientific Council for Probiotics, A.C., Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico.
• ¹⁵ Department of Pediatrics, University of Zagreb Medical School, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
• ¹⁶ Department of Experimental Medicine, Pediatric Section, Medical School MedTech, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
• ¹⁷ Department Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Robert-Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.
• ¹⁸ Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Medical Center Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubeljana, Slovenia.
• ¹⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ²⁰ Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
• ²¹ European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants (EFCNI), Munich, Germany.
• ²² Department of Pediatrics, School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
• ²³ Institute for Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
• ²⁴ Department of Pediatrics, UZ Brussel, KidZ Health Castle, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
• ²⁵ Department of Pediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.