Sustaining Lifelong Competency of Surgeons: Multimodality Empowerment Personal and Institutional Strategy

Affiliations

• ¹ From the Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (Rosengart, Chen).
• ² Department of Surgery, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Youngstown, OH (Gantt).
• ³ Section of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL (Angelos).
• ⁴ Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Warshaw).
• ⁵ Division of Endocrine Surgery, MedStar-Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (Rosen).
• ⁶ Department of Surgical Oncology, Section of Surgical Endocrinology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (Perrier).
• ⁷ Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco Fresno, Fresno, CA (Kaups).
• ⁸ Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Doherty, Ashley).
• ⁹ Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ (Zoumpou).
• ¹⁰ Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Northwell, NY (Doscher).
• ¹¹ Margaret Mary Health, Batesville, IN (Welsh).
• ¹² Section of Community General Surgery, University of Utah South Jordan Health Center, South Jordan, UT (Savarise).
• ¹³ American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL (Sutherland).
• ¹⁴ Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC (Sidawy).
• ¹⁵ Department of Surgery, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, RWJ Barnabas Health, Newark, NJ (Kopelan).