Synthesis, in vitro and in silico anticancer evaluation of novel pyridin-2-yl estra-1,3,5(10)-triene derivatives

Future Med Chem. 2024;16(11):1127-1145. doi: 10.4155/fmc-2024-0039. Epub 2024 Apr 17.

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was the synthesis of steroid compounds with heterocyclic rings and good anticancer properties. Materials & methods: The synthesis, in silico and in vitro anticancer testing of novel pyridin-2-yl estra-1,3,5(10)-triene derivatives was performed. Results: All synthesized compounds have shown promising results for, antiproliferative activity, relative binding affinities for the ligand binding domains of estrogen receptors α, β and androgen receptor, aromatase binding potential, and inhibition of AKR1C3 enzyme. Conclusion: 3-Benzyloxy (17E)-pycolinilidene derivative 9 showed the best antitumor potential against MDA-MB-231 cell line, an activity that can be explained by its moderate inhibition of AKR1C3. Molecular docking simulation indicates that it binds to AKR1C3 in a very similar orientation and geometry as steroidal inhibitor EM1404.

Keywords: 2-picolyl steroids; aldo-keto reductase; antiproliferative activity; aromatase; hormone receptors; in silico ADME; molecular docking; picolinylidene.

Plain language summary

The series of pyridine-containing estra-1,3,5(10)-triene derivatives was synthesized. One novel derivative stood out by its excellent activity against the MDA-MB-231 cell line. This activity can be explained by its moderate inhibition of the AKR1C3 enzyme.

MeSH terms

  • Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C3 / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C3 / metabolism
  • Antineoplastic Agents* / chemical synthesis
  • Antineoplastic Agents* / chemistry
  • Antineoplastic Agents* / pharmacology
  • Aromatase / metabolism
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation* / drug effects
  • Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor*
  • Estrogen Receptor alpha / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Estrogen Receptor alpha / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Molecular Docking Simulation*
  • Molecular Structure
  • Receptors, Androgen / metabolism
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C3
  • AKR1C3 protein, human
  • Receptors, Androgen
  • Aromatase
  • Estrogen Receptor alpha