Effect of angled abutments in the posterior maxillary region on tilted implants: a 3D finite element analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone tissue effects under dynamic loading using finite element analysis (FEA) for four angled abutments with different deviated palatal lateral tilt angles. A three-dimensional model of the posterior maxillary region and an implant crown model were reconstructed and assembled with a three-dimensional model of the implant, angled abutment, and central screw to create a total of 10 three-dimensional finite element models tilted at ${15}^{\circ }$ , ${20}^{\circ }$ , ${25}^{\circ }$ , and ${30}^{\circ }$ in three groups, and the dynamic loads simulating oral mastication were loaded on the implant crown to analyze the equivalent stresses and strains in the peri-implant bone tissues. Under the dynamic loading, the cortical bone on the buccal side of the implant neck showed different degrees of stress concentration, and the cortical bone stress was much higher than the cancellous bone, and the strain concentration area of each model was located in the bone tissue around the implant neck and base. For the use of angular abutment, under the premise that the cortical bone stresses and strains of the 10 models meet the requirements for use, the peak stresses of 2.907 MPa, 3.018 MPa, and 2.164 MPa were achieved by using the ${20}^{\circ }$ angular abutment to achieve the tilt angles of ${20}^{\circ }$ , ${25}^{\circ }$ , and ${30}^{\circ }$ implantation, which is more advantageous compared with other models.