Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in an inflammatory pericardial effusion of a dog

J Vet Intern Med. 2024 Jul-Aug;38(4):2339-2343. doi: 10.1111/jvim.17090. Epub 2024 May 4.

Abstract

An 11-year-old female spayed German Wirehaired Pointer with a 1-week history of lethargy, hyporexia, diarrhea, and coughing presented with pericardial effusion causing cardiac tamponade. An echocardiogram revealed no structural cause for pericardial effusion. The pericardial effusion was an exudate with mixed macrophagic and neutrophilic inflammation. Morulae occasionally were found within neutrophils. The pericardial fluid and blood were qPCR and cPCR positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum (NC State University, Vector-borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Raleigh, NC). The dog's blood was negative by ELISA (Vetscan Flex4 Rapid Test, Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) for A. phagocytophilum antibodies at initial presentation and subsequently positive (SNAP4DxPlus, IDEXX, Westbrook, ME) 7 days later. After pericardiocentesis and administration of doxycycline (5 mg/kg PO q12h for 14 days), a repeat echocardiogram performed 1 month later showed no recurrence of pericardial effusion.

Keywords: canine; cytologic evaluation; granulocytic anaplasmosis; tick‐borne disease.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Anaplasma phagocytophilum* / isolation & purification
  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Dog Diseases* / diagnosis
  • Dog Diseases* / microbiology
  • Dogs
  • Doxycycline* / therapeutic use
  • Echocardiography / veterinary
  • Ehrlichiosis* / complications
  • Ehrlichiosis* / diagnosis
  • Ehrlichiosis* / veterinary
  • Female
  • Pericardial Effusion* / microbiology
  • Pericardial Effusion* / veterinary
  • Pericardiocentesis / veterinary

Substances

  • Doxycycline
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents