Cytomegalovirus infection and disease in systemic lupus erythematosus patients at a high-complexity hospital in southwestern Colombia

Lupus. 2024 Jul;33(8):797-803. doi: 10.1177/09612033241247103. Epub 2024 May 6.

Abstract

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease is a condition usually described in immunocompromised patients, but among them, those with connective tissue diseases are poorly represented. Here we present the clinical, laboratory characteristics, management and outcomes of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients who presented with a CMV infection/disease to a high complexity hospital in southwestern Colombia between 2011 and 2020. 16 SLE patients were found to have a CMV infection. SLE was predominantly characterized by renal involvement (10 patients; 62.50%), and 14 patients (87.5%) were receiving steroids previous to the CMV infection. The entire sample required hospital admission, mainly related to acute kidney injury, and nine patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Gastrointestinal organ damage was the most common CMV disease manifestation. All patients received ganciclovir, five of them (31.25%) suffered from septic shock, and seven (43.75%) died. Age ≥38 years and the presence of septic shock at admission were correlated to the mortality outcome. To our knowledge, this is the first publication evaluating SLE patients with CMV infection/disease in a Colombian population.

Keywords: Cytomegalovirus; reactivation; real-time polymerase chain reaction; systemic lupus erythematosus.

MeSH terms

  • Acute Kidney Injury / epidemiology
  • Acute Kidney Injury / etiology
  • Adult
  • Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
  • Colombia / epidemiology
  • Cytomegalovirus Infections* / complications
  • Cytomegalovirus Infections* / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Ganciclovir / therapeutic use
  • Hospitalization / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Immunocompromised Host
  • Intensive Care Units / statistics & numerical data
  • Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* / complications
  • Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* / drug therapy
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Shock, Septic / etiology
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • Ganciclovir