Severe Impairment of T-cell Immunity and Pulmonary GvHD Are Major Risk Factors for Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection After Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Marina Ascunce; Alejandra Coccolo; Yasmina Mozo; Fernando Baquero-Artigao; Paula Rodriguez-Molino; Carlos Toro-Rueda; Paloma García-Clemente; Elena Sánchez-Zapardiel; Eduardo López-Granados; Dolores Corral-Sánchez; David Bueno; Luisa Sisinni; Antonio Pérez-Martínez; Cristina Calvo; Teresa Del Rosal

doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000004380

Severe Impairment of T-cell Immunity and Pulmonary GvHD Are Major Risk Factors for Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection After Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2024 Sep 1;43(9):885-888. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000004380. Epub 2024 May 7.

Authors

Marina Ascunce¹, Alejandra Coccolo¹, Yasmina Mozo², Fernando Baquero-Artigao^{3

4

5

6}, Paula Rodriguez-Molino^{3

4

5

6}, Carlos Toro-Rueda⁷, Paloma García-Clemente⁷, Elena Sánchez-Zapardiel^{4

8}, Eduardo López-Granados^{4

8

9}, Dolores Corral-Sánchez², David Bueno^{2

4}, Luisa Sisinni², Antonio Pérez-Martínez^{2

4

10}, Cristina Calvo^{3

4

5

6

10}, Teresa Del Rosal^{3

4

5

9}

Affiliations

¹ From the Pediatrics Department, La Paz University Hospital.
² Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital.
³ Pediatrics and Infectious Disease Department, La Paz University Hospital.
⁴ Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ).
⁵ Translational Research Network of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP).
⁶ Center for Biomedical Research Network on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III Health Institute.
⁷ Microbiology Department, La Paz University Hospital.
⁸ Immunology Department, La Paz University Hospital.
⁹ Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER U767), Carlos III Health Institute.
¹⁰ Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

PMID: 38713829
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000004380

Abstract

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients are prone to infectious complications. Infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria have increased in adults but literature in children is scarce. We report 6 episodes of disseminated or pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria infection among 5 pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. All but one were caused by Mycobacterium avium complex. Four patients died, 2 related to nontuberculous mycobacteria infection.

Publication types

Case Reports

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Child
Child, Preschool
Female
Graft vs Host Disease*
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation* / adverse effects
Humans
Infant
Male
Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous* / immunology
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Risk Factors
T-Lymphocytes / immunology
Transplantation, Homologous / adverse effects