MicroRNA-26a in respiratory diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic potential

Mol Biol Rep. 2024 May 8;51(1):627. doi: 10.1007/s11033-024-09576-5.

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules approximately 22 nucleotides in length, intricately involved in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation. Over recent years, researchers have focused keenly on miRNAs, delving into their mechanisms in various diseases such as cancers. Among these, miR-26a emerges as a pivotal player in respiratory ailments such as pneumonia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Studies have underscored the significance of miR-26a in the pathogenesis and progression of respiratory diseases, positioning it as a promising therapeutic target. Nevertheless, several challenges persist in devising medical strategies for clinical trials involving miR-26a. In this review, we summarize the regulatory role and significance of miR-26a in respiratory diseases, and we analyze and elucidate the challenges related to miR-26a druggability, encompassing issues such as the efficiency of miR-26a, delivery, RNA modification, off-target effects, and the envisioned therapeutic potential of miR-26a in clinical settings.

Keywords: Druggability; RNA delivery system; Respiratory disease; miR-26a.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Asthma / genetics
  • Asthma / therapy
  • Gene Expression Regulation*
  • Humans
  • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / genetics
  • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / metabolism
  • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / therapy
  • Lung Neoplasms / genetics
  • Lung Neoplasms / therapy
  • MicroRNAs* / genetics
  • MicroRNAs* / metabolism
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / genetics
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / metabolism
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / therapy
  • Respiratory Tract Diseases / genetics
  • Respiratory Tract Diseases / metabolism
  • Respiratory Tract Diseases / therapy

Substances

  • MicroRNAs
  • MIRN26 microRNA, human