Diagnosis of methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorder: Findings of an expert consensus panel

Aim: We define criteria for methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorder (MIPD) to aid in accurate and reliable diagnosis.

Method: An expert panel was recruited and engaged in an iterative consensus process. A literature search supported this work. The a priori level for consensus was considered ≥80% of voting panellists.

Results: The final expert panel included 22 physicians from different backgrounds and practice environments. The panel produced two consensus diagnoses: (1) acute MIPD and (2) persisting MIPD, which is further separated into subacute and chronic timeframes. Although certain characteristics differentiate methamphetamine-induced psychosis shortly after use, identification of persisting MIPD depends largely on a history of symptom onset. All respondents voted in the final round, and both criteria were fully endorsed by 91% (20/22) of respondents. Panellists further recommended next steps in validation and research on this topic.

Conclusion: These diagnostic criteria aid clinicians in differentiating methamphetamine-induced psychotic symptoms from psychosis because of other psychiatric disorders and can guide future studies. Future research might examine these criteria's prognostic significance, interrater reliability and acceptability including among persons in recovery. This work is a necessary and vital step in advancing the science of methamphetamine addiction treatment.