Nurses' moral distress and leadership communication in hospitals serving Black patients during COVID-19

Nurs Outlook. 2024 Jul-Aug;72(4):102189. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2024.102189. Epub 2024 May 28.

Abstract

Background: Poorer leadership communication during COVID-19 may have contributed to the moral distress of nurses in hospitals where Black patients predominantly access their care (BSH).

Purpose: To compare nurse moral distress and leadership communication during the COVID-19 pandemic in hospitals that serve disproportionately many or few patients of Black race.

Methods: In a national hospital sample (n = 90), nurse survey data were collected (March 2021). Nurse moral distress was analyzed in linear regression models. The key covariates were BSH category (Medicare Black patient percentage) and leadership communication.

Discussion: Nurses in high-BSH had significantly greater moral distress and more difficulty accessing personal protective equipment than nurses in low-BSH. The percentage of nurses in high-BSHs with high moral distress was double that of nurses in low-BSHs. Poorer leadership communication in BSHs accounted for the nurses' greater moral distress.

Conclusion: Policies should improve leadership communication, mitigate distress, and support nurses in under-resourced settings.

Keywords: COVID-19; Communication; Disparities; Hospitals; Leadership; Moral distress; Nursing; Pandemics.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Black or African American* / psychology
  • Black or African American* / statistics & numerical data
  • COVID-19* / nursing
  • Communication
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Leadership*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nursing Staff, Hospital* / psychology
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • United States