Structural basis of the Integrator complex assembly and association with transcription factors

Mol Cell. 2024 Jul 11;84(13):2542-2552.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.05.009. Epub 2024 May 31.

Abstract

Integrator is a multi-subunit protein complex responsible for premature transcription termination of coding and non-coding RNAs. This is achieved via two enzymatic activities, RNA endonuclease and protein phosphatase, acting on the promoter-proximally paused RNA polymerase Ⅱ (RNAPⅡ). Yet, it remains unclear how Integrator assembly and recruitment are regulated and what the functions of many of its core subunits are. Here, we report the structures of two human Integrator sub-complexes: INTS10/13/14/15 and INTS5/8/10/15, and an integrative model of the fully assembled Integrator bound to the RNAPⅡ paused elongating complex (PEC). An in silico protein-protein interaction screen of over 1,500 human transcription factors (TFs) identified ZNF655 as a direct interacting partner of INTS13 within the fully assembled Integrator. We propose a model wherein INTS13 acts as a platform for the recruitment of TFs that could modulate the stability of the Integrator's association at specific loci and regulate transcription attenuation of the target genes.

Keywords: AlphaFold2; INTS; Integrator complex; PPIs; RNAPⅡ transcription; ZNF655; cryoEM; protein-protein interactions; transcription attenuation.

MeSH terms

  • Binding Sites
  • Cryoelectron Microscopy
  • Endoribonucleases
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Models, Molecular
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic
  • Protein Binding*
  • RNA Polymerase II* / chemistry
  • RNA Polymerase II* / genetics
  • RNA Polymerase II* / metabolism
  • Transcription Factors* / chemistry
  • Transcription Factors* / genetics
  • Transcription Factors* / metabolism

Substances

  • RNA Polymerase II
  • Transcription Factors
  • INTS11 protein, human
  • Endoribonucleases