[Vanishing white matter disease, a rare leukodystrophy with mutation in the EIF2B5 gene]

Ideggyogy Sz. 2024 May 30;77(5-6):207-211. doi: 10.18071/isz.77.0207.
[Article in Hungarian]

Abstract

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background -</strong> Leukodystrophies, a hete&shy;ro&shy;&shy;ge&shy;neous group of brain and spinal cord dis&shy;orders, often pose challenges in es&shy;tab&shy;li&shy;shing&nbsp;molecular etiology. Vanishing White Matter Disease (VWMD) is a rare sub&shy;type of leu&shy;ko&shy;dys&shy;trophies presenting with characteristic clinical and MRI features, ne&shy;ver&shy;theless, achieving diag&shy;nostic certainty requires genetic studies.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Case presentation -</strong> Our patient is a nine year old girl, who developed progressive gait difficulties at around 3-4 years of age. Her brain MRI showed confluent lesions with in&shy;&shy;creased signal intensity in the cerebral and cerebellar white matter on T2/FLAIR se&shy;quen&shy;ces, within which hypointense regions ap&shy;peared with signal intensity resembling that of the cerebrospinal fluid on T1 sequences. Whole exome sequencing identified a homozygous likely pathogenic variant within the EIF2B5 gene in the proband, which was present in a heterozygous state in both asymptomatic parents. Having the clinical and molecular genetic diagnosis established, we explored therapeutic possibilities for the patient.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion - </strong>VWMD is a severe form of leukodystrophies with little or no disease modifying therapy available until recently. A better understanding of its molecular pathogenesis offers some hope for new inventive therapies.&nbsp;</p>.

<p><strong>H&aacute;tt&eacute;r - </strong>A leukodystrophi&aacute;k az agy &eacute;s a ge&shy;rincvelő heterog&eacute;n betegs&eacute;gei, gyakran diag&shy;nosztikai kihív&aacute;sokkal szembesítik a vizs&shy;g&aacute;l&oacute;t a molekul&aacute;ris etiol&oacute;gia meghat&aacute;roz&aacute;&shy;sakor. A vanishing white matter disease (VWMD) vagy eltűnő feh&eacute;r&aacute;llom&aacute;ny-betegs&eacute;g a leu&shy;ko&shy;dystrophi&aacute;k ritka altípusa, ami jellegzetes klinikai &eacute;s MRI-saj&aacute;toss&aacute;gokkal rendelkezik, de a diagnosztikai bizonyoss&aacute;g &eacute;rdek&eacute;ben ge&shy;netikai vizsg&aacute;latok sz&uuml;ks&eacute;gesek.</p> <p><strong>Esetbemutat&oacute; - </strong>Beteg&uuml;nk egy kilenc&eacute;ves kis&shy;l&aacute;ny, akinek 3-4 &eacute;ves kora k&ouml;r&uuml;l kezdőd&ouml;tt progresszív j&aacute;r&aacute;sprobl&eacute;m&aacute;ja. Az MRI-T2/FLAIR-szekvenci&aacute;kon konfluens fokozott jelintenzit&aacute;s&uacute; elv&aacute;ltoz&aacute;sok l&aacute;tszottak a hemisphaerialis &eacute;s a kisagyi feh&eacute;r&aacute;llom&aacute;nyban, amelyeken be&shy;l&uuml;l a T1 szekvenci&aacute;kon a liquorhoz hasonl&oacute; jelintenzit&aacute;s&uacute; hipointenzív r&eacute;gi&oacute;k jelentek meg. A teljesexom-szekven&aacute;l&aacute;s homozig&oacute;ta, va&shy;l&oacute;színű patog&eacute;n vari&aacute;nst azonosított a proband EIF2B5 g&eacute;nj&eacute;ben, ami heterozig&oacute;ta for&shy;m&aacute;ban volt jelen a t&uuml;netmentes sz&uuml;lőkben. A klinikai &eacute;s molekul&aacute;ris genetikai diagn&oacute;zis fel&aacute;llít&aacute;sa ut&aacute;n megvizsg&aacute;ltuk a beteg ter&aacute;pi&aacute;s lehetős&eacute;geit.</p> <p><strong>K&ouml;vetkeztet&eacute;s - </strong>A VWMD a leuko&shy;dyst&shy;ro&shy;phi&aacute;k s&uacute;lyos form&aacute;ja, amelyhez mostan&aacute;ig alig vagy egy&aacute;ltal&aacute;n nem &aacute;llt rendelkez&eacute;sre betegs&eacute;gm&oacute;dosít&oacute; ter&aacute;pia. A molekul&aacute;ris patogenezis jobb meg&eacute;rt&eacute;se rem&eacute;nyt ad &uacute;j innovatív te&shy;r&aacute;&shy;pi&aacute;k bevezet&eacute;s&eacute;hez.</p>.

Keywords: EIF2B5; vanishing white matter disease; whole exome sequencing.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • English Abstract

MeSH terms

  • Child
  • Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2B* / genetics
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Leukoencephalopathies* / diagnostic imaging
  • Leukoencephalopathies* / genetics
  • Leukoencephalopathies* / pathology
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Mutation*
  • White Matter / diagnostic imaging
  • White Matter / pathology

Substances

  • Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2B
  • EIF2B5 protein, human