Restoring the epigenome in Alzheimer's disease: advancing HDAC inhibitors as therapeutic agents

Drug Discov Today. 2024 Jul;29(7):104052. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104052. Epub 2024 Jun 1.

Abstract

Current treatment options for Alzheimer's disease (AD) focus on symptom relief rather than halting disease progression. In this context, targeting histone deacetylation emerges as a promising therapeutic alternative. Dysregulation of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity is present in AD, contributing to cognitive decline. Pharmacological HDAC inhibition has shown benefits in preclinical models, namely reduced amyloid beta plaque formation, lower phosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein, greater microtubule stability, less neuroinflammation, and improved metabolic homeostasis and cell survival. Nonetheless, clinical trials evidenced limitations such as insufficient selectivity or blood-brain barrier penetration. Hence, future innovative strategies are required to enhance their efficacy/safety.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; epigenetics; histone deacetylase; histone deacetylase inhibitors; neuroprotection.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Alzheimer Disease* / drug therapy
  • Alzheimer Disease* / genetics
  • Animals
  • Epigenome*
  • Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors* / pharmacology
  • Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors* / therapeutic use
  • Histone Deacetylases / metabolism
  • Humans

Substances

  • Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
  • Histone Deacetylases